Simple Tests of Distributional Effects on Macroeconomic Equations
证明宏观经济方程中的分布效应源于微观行为的非线性，用加总数据估计参数会产生不可测的分布偏差，并利用时间序列分布数据推导出检验分布效应和加总问题程度的统计方法，应用于美国年度商品支出数据发现显著分布效应。
The presence of distributional effects in macroeconomic equations is shown to coincide with nonlinearity in micro behavioral relationships. Parameters estimated with aggregate data, as in representative agent models, contain distributional biases that are not measurable using aggregate data alone. Tests for distributional effects and other measures of the extent of aggregation problems are derived using distributional data observed over time. Significant distributional effects are noted for a model of annual aggregate U.S. commodity expenditure data. A static model that accommodates individual heterogeneity is found to be statistically equivalent to a simply dynamic model that accommodates first-order autocorrelation.