Noncooperative Oligopoly and Preemptive Innovation Without Winner-Take-All
修改了寡头竞争下的创新模型，引入利润分配参数，发现存在唯一参数值能引导非合作寡头选择利润最大化的勘探率，且该值使勘探率与卡特尔一致。
Earlier models of innovation under oligopolistic rivalry are modified to include a “share parameter†Ã, describing the manner in which profits are divided among rivals when one firm is successful in its search for a valuable resource stock. There is a unique value of à that maximizes expected industry profits, by “guiding†noncooperative oligopolists to choose the profit-maximizing exploration rate. Moreover, setting à at this maximizing valueâ€âwhich always allocates some share of industry profits to the “losers†in the exploration raceâ€âleads to an exploration rate identical to what would be chosen by a jointly managed cartel.