Pioneers, Imitators, and Generics--A Simulation Model of Schumpeterian Competition
构建了一个计算机模拟模型，基于1970年代美国制药业数据，研究研发竞争、仿制药竞争、监管审查时间和专利期限对创新水平和产业结构的影响。
A computer simulation model in the tradition of evolutionary models of technical change is developed in this paper. It focuses on R&D competition in new product introductions and is based on data for the U. S. pharmaceutical industry during the 1970s. The sensitivity of innovation levels to the rate of generic competition, regulatory review time, and patent life is examined in the computer simulation experiments. These factors are found to have significant long-run effects on industry structure and innovation levels.