Migration, the Life Cycle, and State Benefits: How Low Is the Bottom?
发现，可能使用福利的女性更倾向于迁往福利更高的州，但高福利州中这类女性的迁移概率更低，且该效应集中在生命早期。模拟表明福利迁移对最优福利水平影响有限，且无需担心福利迁移干扰福利激励效应的识别。
I show that among women likely to use welfare, movers move to higher‐benefit states. I also find that the probability likely welfare users will move at all is lower in higher‐benefit states. This effect is concentrated early in the life cycle, as theory predicts. I construct a theoretical framework to measure the impact of welfare migration on optimal state benefits. Simulation results suggest little impact in higher‐benefit states, but possibly a more substantial impact in other states. Finally, evidence suggests little reason for concern (due to welfare migration) in using cross‐state variation in welfare generosity to identify incentive effects of the welfare system on other outcome variables.