Water Markets and Water Quality
用非线性规划模型模拟加州圣华金谷的农业决策，发现水市场通过改进灌溉和调整作物结构，能实现30%的排水目标，是比庇古税更实用的环境政策替代方案。
Abstract In addition to improving the allocative efficiency of water use, water markets may reduce irrigation‐related water quality problems. This potential benefit is examined with a nonlinear programming model developed to simulate agricultural decision‐making in a drainage problem area in California's San Joaquin Valley. Results indicate that a 30% drainage goal is achievable through improvements in irrigation practices and changes in cropping patterns induced by a water market. Although water markets will not generally achieve a least‐cost solution, they may be a practical alternative to economically efficient, but informationally intensive, environmental policies such as Pigouvian taxes.