State of the Art*
这是一篇概念性、规范性的文章，分析了组织行为学领域的当前趋势，并提出了保守和激进两种可能的重新定向路径，以推动该领域的发展。
This is a conceptual, prescriptive article analyzing current trends and suggesting a redirection necessary for the advancement of organizational behavior. Two divergent but possible complementary approaches—the conservative and the radical—are outlined as accomplishing such a redirection in the field. The conservative approach emphasizes four needs requiring attention: 1) improved construct validity; 2) more careful selection and measurement of dependent variables, including a change in those deemed important; 3) new applications of longitudinal and experimental research designs; and 4) an increased and more appropriate use of multivariate statistical analysis. The radical approach encompasses conceptualizing organizations as social structures, the symbolic nature of management as a process, and a focus on processes across levels of analysis. It is predicted that, regardless of whether one views the future in the field as being indicative of the conservative or a more radical approach, we will see the roles of contexts and processes in research and application as being influential.