Inpatient and outpatient health care demand in Cairo, Egypt
基于1992年开罗家庭调查数据，用多阶段离散选择模型分析影响住院和门诊服务需求的因素，发现收入、年龄、性别、教育和保险显著影响就医选择，但价格与质量高度相关导致价格弹性估计不精确。
This paper uses the results of a household survey conducted in Cairo, Egypt in 1992 to examine the factors that influence the demand for inpatient and outpatient health services. Multi-stage discrete choice models of the demand for health care, which identify the importance of individual, household, and facility level variables on each treatment decision, are estimated separately for outpatients and inpatients. Consumers are assumed to decide whether to seek any treatment and then choose between three categories of providers: a large public hospital (Embaba Hospital), all other public providers, and private/charitable providers. The results confirm that more affluent consumers prefer the higher cost, higher quality private and charitable hospitals. Age, sex, education, and insurance are also found to strongly impact the use of medical services. The results are suggestive but do not conclusively show that inpatient care is less price responsive than outpatient care. Price responsiveness of inpatient and outpatient demand are imprecisely estimated because price is highly correlated with quality, and the available data on facility quality do not permit us to adequately control for quality variations across facilities.