Fiscal Effects of the Voter Initiative: Evidence from the Last 30 Years
比较了过去30年有和没有选民倡议的州的财政行为，发现选民倡议州的总支出显著更低，地方支出更高而州支出更低，收入侧更少依赖宽基税、更多依赖服务收费，表明倡议导致政府规模缩小和再分配活动减少。
This paper compares the fiscal behavior of states with and without the voter initiative over the last thirty years. The main finding is that total spending was significantly lower in initiative states than in noninitiative states. Local spending was higher and state spending was lower in initiative states. On the revenue side, initiative states relied less on broad-based taxes and more on charges tied to services. Taken together, the evidence indicates that the initiative leads to a reduction in the overall size of government and suggests that it causes a decline in the level of redistributional activity. Copyright 1995 by University of Chicago Press.