Is Protectionism on the Rise? Assessing National Trade Policies during the Crisis of 2008
量化了2008-2009年约100个国家的贸易政策变化及其影响，发现保护主义并未普遍上升，仅少数国家提高关税，美国与欧盟主要依赖反倾销税，这些措施对全球贸易崩溃的贡献不足2%。
This paper quantifies trade policy changes and the associated trade impacts for about 100 countries between 2008 and 2009. Results show that there has been no widespread increase in protectionism. Only a few countries, including Russia, Argentina, Turkey, and China, have increased tariffs on major imported products. The United States and the EU, by contrast, rely mainly on antidumping duties to shield domestic industries. Overall, while the rise in tariffs and antidumping duties may have jointly caused global trade to drop by US$43 billion, it explains less than 2% of the collapse in world trade during the crisis period. © 2013 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.