A model of electoral competition with incomplete information
建立了一个两候选人选举竞争模型，其中选民不确定候选人当选后会实施的政策，候选人通过宣布政策立场来传递信号，并承担偏离真实立场的成本。
A model of two-candidate electoral competition is developed in which voters are uncertain about the policy either candidate would implement if elected. Candidates simultaneously announce policy positions, from which voters attempt to infer the true positions the candidates would adopt. Announcing a position different from the true position is costly to the winning candidate, with these costs increasing as the difference between the true policy and the announced policy increases. A refinement of the sequential equilibrium concept is used to describe the behavior of candidates and voters.