Meta-Technologies and Innovation Leadership: Why There May Be Nothing New under the Sun
提出一个框架，帮助企业在追求创新的同时避免创新者困境，通过聚焦元技术（即消费者购买的核心利益）来平衡市场驱动与市场引领，实现持续创新。
As firms strive to lead through innovation, they face the twin challenges of how to unify seemingly contradictory perspeaives. The first is the desire to bring genuinely new products to market with the desire to follow a approach to product development, which often tends to be conservative in nature. The second is avoiding the innovator's dilemma/or becoming the prisoner of a once-but-no-longer successful technology due to the emergence of an apparently disruptive newer technology. This article presents a framework for helping organizations simultaneously deal with these two issues, which are rooted in the understanding that while firms may produce a set of (technical) features, consumers purchase benefits. However, since most benefits are generic in nature, then the core '' on which innovations are based—what we describe as metatechnologies—are also generic in nature. By focusing its efforts on meta-technologies, the firm can be innovative while remaining sensitive to customer needs and can simultaneously be market-driven and market-driving. This perspective offers a potential solution to the innovator's dilemma/since at the level of benefits, technologies are rarely disruptive, but rather continuous and evolutionary. The firm that seeks to develop successful and sustainable strategies for innovation must identify these generic or meta-technologies and then design and deliver new products that are based on them.