The Growing Supply of Physicians: Has the Market Become More Competitive?
构建模型将美国医生供给视为完全卡特尔与完全竞争两种极端情况的加权平均，估计1965年后竞争程度上升，使医生数量增加6%-20%，医疗收入下降19%-45%。
The stock of U.S. physicians at any point in time is modeled as a weighted average of the supply that a perfect cartel would produce and that would prevail under perfect competition. Estimation of a system of stock and income equations over the post-World War II period shows that, after holding constant demand and marginal cost conditions and accounting for gradual adjustment to changes in equilibrium, the weighting parameter has moved toward the competitive extreme since 1965. This rise in the degree of competition is estimated to have increased physician stock by 6 to 20 percent and concomitantly decreased medical incomes by 19 to 45 percent. Copyright 1986 by University of Chicago Press.