Pessimism Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain during and after the Industrial Revolution
利用1770至1870年英国男女体力劳动者名义收入和生活成本的新估算，调整失业、抚养人口和城市化成本后，发现普通工人家庭生活水平在1780年代至1850年代间仅提高不到15%。
New estimates of nominal earnings and the cost of living are presented and used to make a fresh assessment of changes in the real earnings of male and female manual workers in Britain from 1770 to 1870. Workers' average real earnings are then adjusted for factors such as unemployment, the number of their dependants, and the costs of urbanization. The main finding is that the standard of living of the average working-class family improved by less than 15 percent between the 1780s and 1850s. This long plateau is shown to be consistent with other economic, political, and demographic indicators.