The Identification and Characterization of Open Innovation Profiles in Italian Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises
通过对105家意大利制造企业的调查，识别出三种开放式创新模式：选择性低开放、非选择性上游开放和中等合作伙伴集成开放，并分析了不同模式的决定因素、绩效和障碍。
Open innovation () denotes a company's ability to draw on a range of external sources to meet their needs for innovation. Very few empirical analyses have been conducted on the extent to which this new paradigm is embedded in small and medium‐sized enterprises (). Thus, the present study's objective is to identify and characterize different profiles of in , considering the openness of the innovation process phases, variety and breadth of collaborations, determinants, barriers, and motivations. A survey was carried out among Italian manufacturing firms, and a database of 105 companies was obtained. With regard to data elaboration, a factorial and cluster analysis was conducted, and three different profiles emerged: selective low open, unselective open upstream, and mid‐partners integrated open. The different behaviors of the three clusters in terms of determinants, performance, contextual factors, barriers, and motivations were analyzed and discussed.