Trading Tasks: A Simple Theory of Offshoring
提出一个关注可交易任务的全球生产理论，研究离岸外包成本下降如何影响来源国的要素价格，发现任务贸易的生产率效应可为所有国内要素带来共享收益，与商品贸易的分配冲突形成对比。
We propose a theory of the global production process that focuses on tradeable tasks, and use it to study how falling costs of offshoring affect factor prices in the source country. We identify a productivity effect of task trade that benefits the factor whose tasks are more easily moved offshore. In the light of this effect, reductions in the cost of trading tasks can generate shared gains for all domestic factors, in contrast to the distributional conflict that typically results from reductions in the cost of trading goods.