Changing economies of scale – synergies between implementation of an ecological tax reform and development of industrial ecosystems
研究了生态税改革对制造业规模经济的长期影响，比较了线性生产系统与工业生态系统闭环循环结构中的规模经济，并讨论了实施生态税改革和工业生态重构的机会成本。
Abstract In this paper an investigation is presented into the long‐term effects of an ecological tax reform. Exploring time frames of different length, the paper considers the reform's effects on manufacturing systems, especially on economies of scale. Industrial ecology, a framework for restructuring into industrial ecosystems, is one attempt at transforming the socio‐economic system for sustainability. The paper points out the synergetic effects an ecological tax reform has with those restructuring efforts for sustainable industry and society. For that purpose, the economies of scale in the current linear production system and those found in the closed‐loop circular structures of industrial ecosystems are compared, and the paper is concluded by a discussion of opportunity costs of implementation of an ecological tax reform and industrial ecological restructuring. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment