Innovation and growth: supply and demand factors in the recent US expansion
质疑美国1990年代的增长优势源于放松管制和劳动力市场灵活性的观点，强调供给与需求因素的互动，认为没有证据表明更放松的市场是增长的关键，为欧洲兼顾创新与社会保障的政策留下空间。
It is widely held that the social-economic context of the US, characterised by labour market flexibility and deregulation of product and capital markets, lies at the basis of the innovative capacity displayed by the country's productive system in the 1990s, thus accounting for the growth differential with Europe. Starting from a different interpretative model of innovation and growth, the paper focuses on both supply (institutional and technological) and demand factors. It is argued that, when their interaction is taken into account, there is no strong evidence that more deregulated labour and product markets are among the factors allowing for US growth. In accordance with the view that there is no single road to innovation and growth, this leaves room for the exploration and implementation of policies that might reconcile innovation and growth with safeguards such as those provided by Europe's social institutions. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.