Public employment and labour market performance
研究公共就业对劳动力市场的影响，发现每创造100个公共岗位可能挤出约150个私营岗位，并增加约33名失业者，但挤出效应仅在公共生产与私人活动高度可替代且公共部门待遇更优时显著。
Public employmentDoes it increase unemployment?We explore the consequences of public employment for labour market performance. Theory suggests that public employment may not only crowd out private employment, but also increase overall unemployment if, by offering attractive working conditions, it draws additional individuals into the labour force. Empirical evidence from a sample of OECD countries in the 1960–2000 period suggests that, on average, creation of 100 public jobs may have eliminated about 150 private sector jobs, slightly decreased labour market participation, and increased by about 33 the number of unemployed workers. Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence, however, suggest that the crowding out effect of public jobs on private jobs is only significant in countries where public production is highly substitutable to private activities and the public sector offers more attractive wages and/or other benefits than the private labour market.