The Social Implications of Punishing Unethical Behavior: Observers' Cognitive and Affective Reactions
实验研究了组织对不道德行为的不同惩罚力度（无惩罚、适当惩罚、严厉惩罚）如何影响观察者的预期、公正评价和情绪反应，发现只有最严厉的惩罚显著影响预期，且观察者的公正评价和情绪反应在严厉惩罚条件下最积极。
This experiment investigated how punishment of varying severity (no punishment, appropriate punishment, and harsh punishment) in response to unethical organizational behavior influenced observers' outcome expectancies, justice evaluations, and emotional responses. Results suggested that only the harshest disciplinary response influenced outcome expectancies. In addition, observers' justice evaluations and emotional responses were generally most positive in the harshest vicarious punishment condition. Implications for future research and management practice are discussed.