Pigou, Clark and modern economics: the quality of the workforce
回顾了庇古和克拉克关于工资与劳动力质量关系的研究，指出现代经济学忽视了工资与社会成本的关联，导致政策分析忽略劳动力质量下降的风险。
Pigou and Clark investigated the relationships between wages and the quality of the workforce with their common but distinctive concept of social costs. Pigou found cases in labour markets where improvements in workforce quality had external benefits that increased GNP. Clark saw the social costs of labour as the overhead costs society had to pay to keep its workforce intact, and using a dynamic institutional theory, argued that those costs should be placed directly on business in terms of a guaranteed living wage. It is argued that modern economics has neglected any connection between wages and social costs by treating them separately and propounding a trade-off between equity and efficiency. As a result, they analyse cutting programmes in terms of their impact on competitiveness, and neglect how they can result in an inferior workforce. (c) 1996 Academic Press Limited. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.