Personality And Leadership Composition in Top Management Teams: Implications For Organizational Effectiveness
研究直接测量高层管理团队的人格与领导力，发现团队尽责性均值与CEO尽责性、变革型领导一样能预测组织绩效，且团队和CEO的变革型领导均与员工组织承诺相关，支持高阶理论中CEO与团队共同影响组织效能的观点。
This study examines whether top management team (TMT) personality and leadership are associated with organizational effectiveness beyond the effects of CEO personality and leadership, as suggested by upper echelons theory. Using direct measures of personality and leadership, rather than proxy variables from archival sources or demographic data, we found that mean levels of conscientiousness among TMT members were related to lagged indicators of organizational performance, as were CEO conscientiousness and transformational leadership. Follower commitment to the organization was found to be associated with higher levels of transformational leadership from both the CEO and TMT. The results are consistent with the upper echelons perspective that organizational effectiveness is influenced not only by the CEO but also by a dominant coalition of leaders. Yet, the results also show that the CEO plays a distinct role in influencing organizational financial performance and collective organizational commitment. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.