The Organization Shadow
论文解释了组织阴影的概念，即组织因维护自我形象而否认的事实，这些事实被压抑并投射到他人身上，通过三个组织研究展示了其严重后果，并讨论了管理层吸收组织阴影的必要性与困难。
The paper explains the nature of the Shadow Concept in relation to the management of organizations. Organization Shadow is understood as facts which organizations wish to deny about themselves, due to the threat posed to self-image and self-understanding and, more generally, the need to be viewed in a favourable light by others. The Shadow is repressed, and, as unconscious content, is projected onto others, often those who are incapable of resisting it. Three studies of organizations are used to highlight the potentially grave consequences, in practice, of the Organization Shadow. The need for management to assimilate the Organization Shadow is discussed, together with the essential difficulties of the assimilation process.