Exporting manufactures: Human resources, natural resources, and trade policy
研究发现，一国出口中制成品与初级产品的比例主要取决于其劳动力技能相对于自然资源的丰富程度，而贸易政策的影响已变得次要。
Whether a country's exports consist mainly of manufactures or mainly of primary products depends fundamentally on the skills of its labour force, relative to the extent of its natural resources. This proposition, derived from a modified version of Heckscher‐Ohlin theory, is supported by a strong cross‐country correlation between the manufactured/primary export ratio and the skill/land ratio. Cross‐country variation in trade policies is now only a minor cause of variation in the manufactured/primary export ratio.