Non‐Mandatory Approaches to Environmental Protection
综述了环境保护中非强制性方法（如企业自愿自我规制和信息披露）的理论与实证研究，比较其与强制性方法的经济效率，并分析企业自我规制的动机及其对经济和环境绩效的影响。
The approach to environmental protection has been evolving from a regulation‐driven, adversarial ‘government‐push’ approach to a more proactive approach involving voluntary and often ‘business‐led’ initiatives to self‐regulate their environmental performance. This has been accompanied by increasing provision of environmental information about firms and products to enlist market forces and communities in creating a demand for corporate environmental self‐regulation by signaling their preferences for environmentally friendly firms. This paper provides an overview of the non‐mandatory approaches being used for environmental protection and surveys the existing theoretical literature analyzing the economic efficiency of such approaches relative to mandatory approaches. It also discusses empirical findings on the factors motivating self‐regulation by firms and its implications for their economic and environmental performance. It examines the existing evidence on the extent to which information disclosure is effective in generating pressures from investors and communities on firms to improve their environmental performance.