CEO duality and firm performance: A contingency model
研究了CEO兼任董事长（二元性）与企业绩效的关系，发现这种关系随环境维度系统变化，部分支持了代理理论和管家理论。
Abstract Several studies have addressed the CEO duality‐performance relationship, with inconsistent results. This paper proposes that these inconsistencies can be resolved by integrating agency and stewardship perspectives on duality. Using data from 192 firms in 12 industries, both the direction and magnitude of the duality‐performance relationship was found to vary systematically across Dess and Beard's (1984) environmental dimensions. These results provide partial support for both agency and stewardship perspectives.