Organizational Problem Formulation: An Empirical Study
探索组织如何识别和定义问题，分析管理者特征对问题形成过程的影响，并总结关键主题，适合研究组织决策和管理的学者。
March 1980, volume 25 This article represents an exploratory study of the process of problem formulation in organizations and of factors that influence the process. The following questions are addressed: (1) how do organizations become aware of the existence of problems and in what kinds of problems is the process important; (2) what process do organizations go through to formulate definitions of problems; (3) what impact do attitudes and demographic characteristics of individual managers have upon the problem-formulation process; and (4) what are some of the major emergent themes that characterize problem formulation in organizations?