The Effects of Voting Costs on the Democratic Process and Public Finances
研究了降低投票成本（如邮寄投票）如何提高投票率，但可能降低参与者平均教育水平和政治知识，进而影响政府福利支出和商业税收。
Increasing the attractiveness of voting is often seen as a remedy for unequal participation and the influence of special-interest groups on public policy. However, lower voting costs may also bring less informed citizens to the poll, thereby inviting efforts to sway these voters. We substantiate this argument in a probabilistic voting model with campaign contributions. In an empirical analysis for the 26 Swiss cantons, we find that lower voting costs due to postal voting are related to higher turnout, lower average education and political knowledge of participants as well as lower government welfare expenditures and lower business taxation.