Westward Who? Estimates of Native White Interstate Migration After the War of 1812
利用1812年战争老兵的土地赏金记录样本，估算了1815至1860年间美国本土出生白人的州际迁移情况，发现多数人终生未跨州，少量迁移符合东西向模式。
Estimates of interstate migration after 1815 and before 1860 for white, U.S.-born adults are presented. The estimates come from a sample of military bounty land warrant recipients who served in the War of 1812 and show that a majority of veterans spent their adult lives in the same state. The limited amount of interstate movement did conform to traditional descriptions of an east-west pattern. I also consider the social basis for interstate migration.