What is new in the new industrial policy? A manufacturing systems perspective
研究了德国、日本、英国和美国等主要OECD经济体制造业相关政策的近期演变，引入产业政策矩阵框架来比较不同国家的政策方法，发现各国在有效项目和组织的特征上存在趋同。
This paper explores the recent evolution of manufacturing-related policies in leading OECD economies-Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A novel framework, the industrial policy matrix, is introduced and then used to illustrate and compare policy approaches in terms of factor inputs, intervention levels, and degrees of coordination. While approaches adopted in different countries vary, reflecting their respective contexts, there is some evidence of a convergence on the effectiveness of particular programmes and organizations as well as on the characteristics that support the competitiveness of national manufacturing systems, including coordination and alignment of related policies, partnerships with industry, and longer-term investment and planning.