Management education in Eastern Europe: 'fore and after
概述了东欧管理教育体系的特点，指出其与西方文化的差异，并探讨了如何调整美国管理概念以适应东欧工作文化，以促进经济合作。
Executive Overview People of the Commonwealth of Independent States are well educated. Managers at all levels of business and government hold the equivalent of an American Master's degree in their academic specialization. Management is not a specialization there, nor a profession, but rather a function. Continuing education is legislated into the business and economic sectors, even info joint ventures. A vast array of schools and programs are organized into a sophisticated infrastructure of management education. Eastern Europeans are proud of these achievements and are moving rapidly to modernize and expand them further. Many of their cultural and societal values clash with ours, however. For instance, the U.S. educational system is based on a liberal arts philosophy. While those of Eastern Europeans and Germans follow Humboldt's philosophy of specialization beginning at a very early age and continuing on through the workplace. Therefore, our management concepts must be adapted to fit their work culture and environment to be successfully transplanted. In addition. Western European cultures are closer to those of Eastern Europe making their management much easier to adapt. A competitive advantage is thus available in cornering a share of the potentially lucrative markets. Eastern Europeans, however, are asking for American management assistance through joint cooperative efforts. By working together, the Eastern Europeans believe that we can restructure their economies. It would seem advantageous for us to return the compliment. A knowledge of how their managers have been educated, as outlined here, offers a first step toward a common understanding. Perhaps it will eventually help raise the level and character of our aid to other parts of the world.