On Competition to Join a Simple Queueing System Before the Facility Opens
研究在服务开始前，潜在客户决定是否提前到达以排队，以及这种竞争如何消耗潜在收益，发现任何客户都无法获得比准时到达并排在队尾更好的收益。
A single server provides FIFO services commencing at time 0. Each member of a population of N potential customers must decide whether or not to arrive at the facility. Customers choosing to arrive must do so no later than time 0. This paper studies the benefit to customers: the value of service received minus the cost of waiting time. This model is studied under a variety of assumptions and the impact of customer behavior on average benefit (value of service minus cost of waiting) is examined. Self-interested customers compete with each other (by arriving sufficiently early) to the extent that much of the potential benefit is dissipated through high waiting costs before time 0. A common finding is that no customer can attain a benefit which improves on that which would result from arriving exactly at time 0 and being last in line. The impact of charging entrance tolls is investigated.