Firm Survival and the Evolution of Oligopoly
通过分析汽车、轮胎、电视和青霉素四个行业的企业生存模式，检验了进入前后经验及进入时机对企业生存的影响，并探讨了行业为何经历洗牌并演变为寡头垄断。
After their commercial introduction, the number of producers of autos, tires, televisions, and penicillin initially grew and then experienced a sharp decline or shakeout. Guided by an evolutionary model of entry and exit, firm survival patterns in the four products are examined to determine whether there were common forces governing their distinctive evolution. Predictions concerning the effects of pre- and post-entry experience and the timing of entry on firm survival are tested. The findings are used to reflect on why industries experience shakeouts and evolve to be oligopolies.