Testing the Waters: Using Collective Real Options to Manage the Social Dilemma of Strategic Alliances
提出了集体实物期权的概念，研究其如何通过产生关系性小胜利来建立信任，从而管理战略联盟中的社会不确定性。
We extend real options research by introducing the concept of collective real options and model how collective real options provide strategic alliances a mechanism to manage social uncertainty. Collective real options manage social uncertainty by producing relational small wins that develop trust. The amount of trust developed by acquiring a collective real option depends on the exposure of alliance partners. Alliance partner reputation also plays an important role in the impact of collective real options.