PICTURE THIS: A SIMPLE GRAPH THAT REVEALS MUCH ADO ABOUT RESEARCH
展示漏斗图如何用于检测发表偏倚、识别真实效应及发现调节变量，帮助解释研究结果间的差异，适用于工会生产率、水价弹性等实证文献。
Abstract Funnel graphs provide a simple, yet highly effective, means to identify key features of an empirical literature. This paper illustrates the use of funnel graphs to detect publication selection bias, identify the existence of genuine empirical effects and discover potential moderator variables that can help to explain the wide variation routinely found among reported research findings. Applications include union–productivity effects, water price elasticities, common currency‐trade effects, minimum‐wage employment effects, efficiency wages and the price elasticity of prescription drugs.