Operationalizing the outcomes of union commitment: The dimensionality of participation
研究发现工会参与行为并非单一维度，而是包含行政、间歇和支持三个维度，且在不同职业样本中具有稳定性，有助于理解工会承诺的行为表现。
Abstract In contrast to the past and current reliance upon a unidimensional or additive index of union participation, our research presents evidence of the multidimensional nature of the construct of union participation, a behavioral manifestation of union commitment. In this study, we examined a more diverse set of items than typically used in studies of union commitment and participation, ranging from holding union office to voting and to the more mundane, day‐to‐day activities which may take place in the workplace. Our results suggest three distinct dimensions to union participation, each representing potentially varying strengths of union commitment: an administrative factor reflecting office holding duties; an intermittent factor, reflecting participation in activities scheduled or available at particular times; and a supportive factor, reflecting on‐going participative activities in support of other members of the union. Our findings further suggest these dimensions are relatively stable across time periods in two diverse samples: a retail worker sample and a nursing sample. Implications of the results are discussed.