Would you like suspenders to go with that belt? An analysis of optimal combinations of cost sharing and managed care
用图解模型分析管理式医疗计划何时以及为何应加入患者自付费用，发现成本分摊在疾病严重程度差异大且道德风险小时更可能提升效率。
When and why would it be efficient for a managed care insurance plan using managerial limits to add patient cost sharing? This paper uses a diagrammatic model to indicate that the use of patient point-of-service cost sharing can cause the managerial limits or guidelines to be less restrictive in limiting high value care for cases of severe illness. The model shows that cost-sharing is more likely to improve efficiency the greater the variation in illness severity and the smaller the degree of moral hazard. The model is extended to the case in which provider cost sharing is also used.