The Role of Intelligence, Institutions, and Place in Carlo Cattaneo's Economics
探讨19世纪意大利经济学家卡塔内奥的经济思想，强调先天能力、地方多样性和外部影响共同塑造经济体系，智力作为关键生产要素，其观点预示了当代异端经济学的发展。
Cattaneo’s view of the economy and society is based on the joint action of innate human faculties (Vico’s nativo), local variety, and outside influences (Romagnosi’s dativo), which produce as many historical combinations as there are peoples on the earth. Economic activity is promoted by free trade, which epitomizes the positive role of conflict and maintains each social system open, while at the same time remaining positively embedded in local ways of life, tacit traditions anchored to historical and territorial specificity. In this perspective Cattaneo analyzes economic institutions, economic policy proposals, and the unplanned, spontaneously arisen Lombard irrigation system, underlining the impediments to its application to Ireland. He sees intelligence as the key factor of production, since economic progress depends on knowledge, both codified and uncodified. His approach foreshadows intuitions that have been developed by contemporary heterodox economists.