Long-Term Intergenerational Persistence of Human Capital: An Empirical Analysis of Four Generations
利用瑞典四代人的教育数据和三代人的终生收入数据，发现仅用两代人数据会严重低估人力资本和收入的长期代际持续性，社会流动性比以往认为的低得多。
Most previous studies of intergenerational transmission of human capital are restricted to two generations: how parents influence their children. In this study, we use a Swedish data set that links individual measures of lifetime earnings for three generations and data on educational attainment for four generations. We find that estimates obtained from data on two generations severely underestimate long-run intergenerational persistence in both labor earnings and educational attainments. Long-run social mobility is hence much lower than previously thought. We attribute this additional persistence to dynastic human capital-the influence on human capital of more distant family members than parents.