Contrasting the resource-based view and competitiveness theories: how pharmaceutical firms choose to compete in Germany, Italy and the UK
研究了经济国际化下制药企业如何应对竞争压力，通过微观数据对比资源基础观与竞争力理论，发现企业并未普遍采用国家制度支持的同一战略，宏观指标可能夸大趋同效应。
As economic internationalization advances, the question of how firms cope with increasing pressure for competitiveness gains momentum. While scholars agree that firms need a competitive advantage, they debate whether firms exploit the comparative advantage of their economy and converge on that strategy facilitated by national institutions.`No', argue strategic management proponents of the resource-based view. `Yes', claim contributors to the competitiveness literature.The author's micro-level studies of these opposing views do not find evidence for a strong, widespread convergence by the firms in one economy to the same institutionally supported strategy. The discrepancies between these findings and the analyses of the competitiveness literature are attributed to differences in the indicators employed to measure corporate strategies.Whenever macro-level indicators are used, the related loss of information on micro-level variety entails that convergence effects are more pronounced — possibly exaggerated.