The social value of productive entrepreneurship
梳理社会创业概念，将其置于慈善与公益背景下，区分生产性、非生产性和破坏性创业的社会价值创造，并通过微软和格莱珉银行的案例说明不同动机的创业如何创造经济与社会价值。
As a critical contribution to the literature on social entrepreneurship, this paper provides structure and clarity to this concept, situating it within the context of charity and philanthropy as sources of social value creation. Identifying social entrepreneurship as creating both social and economic value, we discuss productive, unproductive, and destructive entrepreneurship in terms of social value creation. To illustrate these issues comparative case studies are presented on Microsoft Corporation and Grameen Bank. Even if their successes have been derived from different motivations, these highly innovative ventures have created significant economic and social value.