Interaction in an Urban System: Aspects of Trade and Commuting
研究层级城市系统中不同层级间的经济联系（贸易与通勤），基于中心地模型扩展分析专业化商品和通勤的共存及其对层级间收支平衡的影响。
A hierarchical urban system is examined with respect to certain economic linkages or flows which exist among the different levels of the hierarchy. The underlying locational basis of the urban system is represented in terms of a standard central place model in which flows of central place goods are specified. In order to incorporate important facets of contemporary urban systems, this framework is extended to consider first the existence of specialized (non-central place) goods, and second the presence of commuting, the flows associated with each phenomenon being separately discussed. Attention is then directed to the coexistence of different types of flows, not only in terms of the interrelations among them but also in terms of the balance-of-payments implications for the various levels of the hierarchy.