From I‐O Economics' S‐C‐P Paradigm Through Strategic Groups to Competence‐Based Competition: Reflections on the Puzzle of Competitive Strategy
回顾过去20年战略管理领域关于企业如何竞争的研究，梳理产业组织、空间竞争、战略群组等理论视角，并展示资源基础观和基于能力的竞争如何整合这些视角，提出未来研究的六个议题。
Over the past 20 years one basic question which has occupied the attention of both researchers and practitioners in the strategic management field is ‘with whom and how do firms compete?’ How research in strategy has attempted to answer this question over the past 20 years is the subject of this article. We begin by reviewing the literatures on industrial organization, spatial competition, strategic groups, cognitive communities and networks and examine how each of these theoretical perspectives have been used to answer basic questions of competition and rivalry. We then show how the resource‐based view of the firm and the theory of competence‐based competition can be used to integrate these perspectives. We conclude by proposing six issues which should motivate future strategy research, and which can help and enhance our understanding of how firms compete.