Extraterritorial Investments, Environmental Crisis, and Collective Action in Latin America
研究了拉丁美洲由外部控制的资源型活动地区，在什么条件下可能产生解决环境问题的集体行动，结论是除非环境问题直接威胁活动短期生存或社会运动兴起，否则难以发生。
A growing number of extraterritorial private-sector actors, often in partnership with the state, are expanding the frontiers of extractive and primary export economies to new rural territories in Latin America. This paper analyzes the conditions that might drive meaningful efforts to address environmental problems in territories dominated by large, externally controlled natural resource-based activities. It studies three cases: salmon aquaculture in Chiloé (Chile), fruit growing in O’Higgins (Chile), and gas production in Tarija (Bolivia). We conclude that such efforts are unlikely to occur unless environmental problems directly threaten the short-term viability of the activities or social movements emerge to demand change.