Resource degradation, low agricultural productivity, and poverty in sub‐Saharan Africa: pathways out of the spiral
基于东非多年实证研究，本文识别了撒哈拉以南非洲摆脱资源退化、低农业生产力与贫困螺旋的潜在策略，强调不同发展领域需不同策略，但和平、稳定宏观环境、市场激励和多元资本投资是共同要素。
Abstract Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) has the lowest agricultural productivity in the world, while almost half of the population lives below US$1 per day. The biggest development policy challenge is to find appropriate solutions to end hunger and poverty in the region. Building on several years of empirical research conducted in East Africa, this paper identifies potential strategies for sustainable development in this region. In general, the empirical evidence reviewed confirms that different strategies are needed in different development domains of SSA. Nevertheless, some elements will be common to all successful strategies, including assurance of peace and security, a stable macroeconomic environment, provision of incentives through markets where markets function, development of market institutions where they do not, and public and private investment in an appropriate mix of physical, human, natural, and social capital. The differences in strategies across these domains mainly reflect differences in the mix of those investments as influenced by different comparative advantages.