THE IMPACT OF PARTICIPATION ON GOAL ACCEPTANCE AND PERFORMANCE: A TWO-STEP MODEL.
通过实验室和现场实验，研究参与式目标设定对目标接受度和绩效的影响，提出并验证了一个两步模型（参与→接受→绩效），解释了为何以往研究未能区分参与式与指派式目标设定。
Past research has tested goal setting strategies and found high and invariant levels of goal acceptance. The present research consisted of two studies—one laboratory and one field experiment—hypothesizing a two-step model (participation acceptance performance) with which participation could be tested more effectively. Stepwise, hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that the participative and representative groups outperformed the assigned groups under conditions in which individual goal acceptance varied. The findings support the two-step model and offer an explanation as to why previous research has failed to differentiate empirically between participative and assigned goal setting.