THE INFLUENCE OF UPWARD FEEDBACK ON SELF‐ AND FOLLOWER RATINGS OF LEADERSHIP
研究下属对领导者的反馈如何影响领导者的自我评价及后续下属评价，发现负面反馈能改善领导行为，而正面反馈则无显著变化。
The impact of upward feedback (followers' perceptions of leadership provided to leaders) on leaders' self‐evaluations and followers' subsequent ratings of leadership was assessed in a field setting. Subjects were 978 student leaders and their 1,232 followers. Results indicated that overall, leaders' behaviors as rated by followers improved after feedback. Leaders' self‐evaluations following feedback became more similar to the evaluations provided by followers. Interestingly, when leaders were grouped according to whether feedback was positive, neutral, or negative based on agreement between self‐ and follower ratings, differences between groups in post‐feedback self‐evaluations and follower ratings emerged. Self‐evaluations for leaders receiving negative feedback (high self‐ relative to followers' ratings) went down, while self‐evaluations for leaders receiving positive feedback (low self‐ relative to follower's ratings) went up. Follower ratings of leaders who received negative feedback improved following feedback to leaders, while there was no change in follower ratings for those receiving positive feedback. Implications for using upward feedback in organizations are discussed.