Moving Pollution Trading from Air to Water: Potential, Problems, and Prognosis
评估了水质交易的现状，识别了约36个水污染许可交易项目，提出了成功交易项目的六项标准，并对比空气污染分析了水质交易面临的问题与解决路径。
This paper seeks to assess the current status of water quality trading and to identify possible problems and solutions. Water pollution permit trading programs have rarely been comprehensively described and analyzed in the peer-reviewed literature. Including active programs and completed or otherwise inactive programs, we identify approximately three dozen initiatives. We describe six criteria for successful pollution trading programs and consider how these apply to standard water quality problems, as compared to air quality. We then highlight some important issues to be resolved if current water quality trading programs are to function as the “leading edge” of a new frontier in cost-effective pollution permit trading in the United States.