The Economic Integration of Forced Migrants: Evidence for Post‐War Germany
研究了二战后从东欧被驱逐到西德的德国人及其后代的经济融合情况，发现第一代移民在25年后仍处于劣势，但农业劳动者因脱离低收入农业而收入更高，第二代的经济表现与第一代相似。
The flight and expulsion of Germans from Eastern Europe after World War II constitutes one of the largest forced population movements in history. We analyse the economic integration of these migrants and their offspring in West Germany. A quarter century after displacement, first‐generation migrants still tend to fare worse economically. Displaced agricultural workers, however, exhibit higher incomes than comparable natives, as displacement caused large‐scale transitions out of low‐paid agriculture. Differences in economic outcomes of second‐generation migrants resemble those of the first generation.