URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF LABOR MARKETS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE “TODARO PARADOX” IN A SPATIAL CONTEXT*
通过构建空间模型，将劳动力市场半径内生于工人的理性选择，考察通勤成本如何影响迁移与通勤两种反应，发现托达罗悖论在发达国家同样成立：城市就业创造可能因低通勤成本扩大劳动力市场半径、增加劳动供给，反而导致城市失业上升。
ABSTRACT The Todaro paradox and the effects of job creation in urban areas will be re‐examined in our spatial model in which the radius of the labor market is endogenously determined by the rational choices of workers. The travel cost of workers plays a crucial role in the choice between two different types of response, migration or commuting. By considering travel costs, we find that the Todaro paradox can be applied to developed, as well as developing, countries. Job creation in urban areas can produce a paradoxical increase in urban unemployment in developed countries, because the low marginal cost of travel will significantly increase the radius of the urban labor market and create new labor supply without migration.