Organization-Environment Isomorphism, Rejection, and Substitution in Brazilian Protestantism
研究了巴西200个社区中新教教会对环境的非同构反应（排斥与替代），挑战了主流组织理论中组织与环境趋向同构的假设。
Mainline organization theory generally presumes that organizations tend toward ever greater 'fit' or isomorphism with their environments. Much of current organization theory also stresses the rational-legal bases of organization at the expense of charismatic and traditional authority. This paper posits two nonisomorphic responses to the environment—rejection and substitution—and analyzes their dynamics in bureaucratic and non-bureaucratic protestant churches in 200 Brazilian communities.